1. Explain in your own words the following concepts:

• research paradigm
• hypothesis
• research data
• control group
• independent variable
• quantitative research

2. Pickup N. Dropoff wanted to evaluate the influence of Jolt on the driving habits. Dropoff had a group of people and assessed their ability to drive through a set of traffic cones. He then had them to drink 12 oz of Jolt and had the people drive through the cones again. Finally, Dropoff waited an hour and had the people drive through the cones again. Each time he counted the number of cones hit.

• What are the independent and dependent variable(s) in this experiment?
• What might be Dropoff's hypothesis?
• Can you find a control group in this experiment? Is there a need for one?
• Give a graph of the predicted outcome.

3. Design an experiment to study whether shovel length affects diggers' productivity. Formulate a hypothesis, describe independent and dependent variables, and develop a procedure to be followed.

4. Suppose we want to study online shopping. Give two examples of (a) qualitative, (b) development/constructive, and (c) quantitative research projects in that area.

5. Suppose we want to study first-year students learning to write computer programs. Give two examples of (a) qualitative, (b) development/constructive, and (c) quantitative research projects in that area.

6. Suppose we want to study computer equipment's vulnerability to under-voltage in electric supply. Give three examples of research projects in that area.